On April 16th of this year in the small East Texas town of Mount Pleasant, Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials raided the Pigrim's Pride chicken processing plant, the biggest business in Titus County. Families were torn apart as fathers, mothers, wives, and husbands were arrested, jailed, and sent back to Mexico. Many were charged with identity theft, a felony with a maximum
penalty of five years in federal prison and up to a $250,000 fine.
In 1983 McDonald's invented the Chicken McNugget. As this Texas Monthly article on the Mount Pleasant immigration raid details, the implications of the introduction of this fast food staple expand to the social, geopolitical, and legal:
Consumers had already been introduced to other “further
processed” products, yet it was the McNugget that came to represent the
transfiguration of chicken eating in the eighties. Bird meat that had
traditionally been bought in a relatively unaltered state and cooked at
home would now be chopped and ground up and reshaped and seasoned and
fried and frozen and reheated and passed out of a drive-through window.
All those extra steps required thousands of low-skill workers. Between
1980 and 2001 the average American’s annual consumption of chicken
jumped from 33 pounds to 82 pounds. In the same time frame, the
Hispanic population of Titus County increased from six hundred to
almost eight thousand.
To the existing plant in Mount Pleasant, Pilgrim’s added a
75,000-square-foot prepared-foods facility in 1986, and soon the town
went from the kind of place where the few Hispanic families were known
by name to the rest of the community (the Guzmans, the Delgados, the
Rochas) to the kind of place where the chamber of commerce directory
was printed in two languages. Not every immigrant worked at Pilgrim’s,
but the plant was the hub, where gossip and invitations to weekend
barbecues circulated, where mothers sold cakes in the parking lot to
raise money for children’s school trips, where men organized soccer
teams according to work assignment: Equipo Linea 1 (“line 1 team”),
Equipo Fry Line, or Equipo Los Lavaderos (“sanitation workers’ team”).
The Texas Montly article by Karen Olsson is a must-read. It tells the story of 37 year old Francisco Garcia-Rodriguez, a 20 year employee of Pilgrim's, who was separated from his wife Maria, a legal resident, and his five children, all U.S. citizens. Texas Monthly is old-school and a paid subscription is required to read the article, but for those interested I've included it in its entirety after the jump.